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普通X62W铣床的数控化改造设计
摘  要
我所设计的毕业课题为“普通铣床数控化改造设计”。对于机床的设计来说 ，我首先对所要设计的机床进行技术调查，查阅了国内外有关文献资料，在此基础上，对其用途范围、性能指标、方案对比等进行论证分析。对于通用机床我更是查阅了大量的国内外有关铣床的资料后，拟定了此机床的总体方案为立式铣床。
本文在X62W数控铣床改造设计时主要从经济性、方便性、实用性、可靠性四方面因素出发，对X62W型铣床进行了数控铣床机械系统设计，硬件及电路设计。使改造后的机床的机械传动部分具有高静态、动态刚度;运动副之间的摩擦因数小，传动无间隙;功率大;便于操作和维修。
X62W数控铣床机械系统设计包括伺服驱动系统的设计计算，滚珠丝杠螺母副的设计计算。进给传动系统设计中，拆除纵向、横向、垂向进给箱齿轮，在该处将手轮轴通过一对减速齿轮和纵向、横向及垂向步进电机相连。 数控系统是一个基于8031单片机的数字型控制系统。采用较小体积的单片机来实现一般的逻辑功能，对进给系统的两个轴进行控制。
关键词：数控化改造；定位精度；步进电机；滚珠丝杠；伺服传动系统

 ORDINARY X62W MILLING MACHINE                   
OF THE RETROFIT DESIGN OF THE NUMERICAL CONTROL

ABSTRACT

I design of graduation project for" ordinary milling machine numerical control transformation design". For the machine tool design, I first want to design of machine tool technology research, consulting literature at home and abroad, on the basis of this, the application scope, performance index, scheme comparison and analysis. For universal machine I was referring to a large number of domestic and international relevant milling machine information, formulate the overall plan for the vertical milling machine.
Based on the X60W numerical control milling machine transformation design mainly from the economy, convenience, practicality, reliability based on four factors, X60W type milling machine for numerical control milling machine mechanical system design, hardware and circuit design. After the improvement of the mechanical transmission part of machine tool with high static, dynamic stiffness; kinematic pair between the small friction coefficient, no transmission gap; the power is large; easy to operate and repair.
X60W CNC milling machine mechanical system design of servo drive system design and calculation, the design and calculation of ball screw pair. Feed transmission system design, longitudinal, transverse, demolition of vertical feeding gear box, where the hand wheel shaft through a pair of gear and the longitudinal, transverse and vertical step motor. NC system is based on 8031 single-chip digital control system. Using a smaller volume of single chip to achieve the general logic function, on the feed system of the two axes control.

KEY WORDS  Numerical control transformation; position precision; stepping motor; ball screws; servo drive system
 
目   录
摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 机床数控化改造论证分析 1
1.1 机床数控化改造的必要性 1
1.2 我国数控系统发展现状 2
2 普通X62W铣床数控化改造分析 4
2.1 主传动系统的改造设计 4
2.1.1主轴部件选择 5
2.1.2主轴组件的动态特性 8
2.2 进给伺服系统的设计 8
2.2.1对进给伺服系统的基本要求 8
2.2.2 进给伺服系统的设计要求 9
2.2.3进给伺服系统的动态响应特性及伺服性能分析 10
 2.3 X62W数控铣床改造设计方案及步骤 11
3 普通X62W铣床数控化改造设计计算 13
3.1主轴系统计算 13
3.1.1 V带传动的设计计算 13
3.1.2 Z轴滚珠丝杠副 15
3.2横向进给系统的设计计算 18
3.2.1滚珠丝杠螺母副的设计计算 18
3.2.2伺服驱动系统的设计计算 23
3.3纵向进给系统的设计计算 24
3.3.1滚珠丝杠螺母副的设计计算 24
3.3.2传动效率计算 29
3.3.3伺服驱动系统的设计计算 29
3.4垂直进给系统的设计计算 31
4 普通X62W铣床数控系统设计 33
4.1微机数控系统组成及特点 33
4.2 微机数控系统设备介绍 34
4.2.1 I/O口电路的扩展 38
4.2.2 步进电机驱动电路 41
4.2.3 其它辅助电路设计 42
结  论 43
参考文献 44
致 谢 45