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目 录
1 绪 论 -1-
1.1引言 -1-
1.2研究背景和意义 -1-
1.2.1研究背景 -1-
1.2.2研究意义 -1-
1.3国内外研究现状分析 -3-
1.3.1国外研究现状 -3-
1.3.2国内研究现状 -4-
1.4研究内容 -5-
1.5本章小结 -7-
2 拖拉机电控液压悬挂系统设计 -8-
2.1传统拖拉机的液压悬挂系统 -8-
2.1.1液压悬挂系统组成 -8-
2.1.2液压系统类型 -9-
2.2 电控液压悬挂系统设计 -10-
2.2.1设计方案的提出 -10-
2.2.2设计方案的确定 -14-
2.3 工作机理 -14-
2.4 本章小结 -15-
3 液压回路设计和信号处理电路设计 -16-
3.1液压回路设计和硬件选型 -16-
3.1.1电控液压系统回路设计 -16-
3.1.2液压泵和分配器的选择 -17-
3.1.3小油缸的选型 -17-
3.1.4换向阀的选择 -18-
3.1.5减压阀和溢流阀的选择 -18-
3.2信号处理电路设计 -19-
3.2.1传感器的选择 -19-
3.2.2传感器信号放大电路和滤波电路设计 -22-
3.2.3光电耦合器和三极管放大电路设计 -23-
3.3控制回路设计 -23-
3.3.1 ECU特点 -23-
3.3.2 80C196KC系统设计 -24-
3.4本章小结 -25-
4 电控液压悬挂系统软件设计 -27-
4.1主程序设计 -27-
4.2 A/D转换中断程序设计 -27-
4.3本章小结 -29-
结论及展望 -30-
参考文献 -31-
 
附录1 -33-
附录2 -34-
附录3 -38-
致  谢 -41-

拖拉机液压悬挂系统自动控制研究

摘  要

    随着新兴科学技术的不断创新，尤其是计算机技术、电子控制、人工智能、网络通讯等高新技术的迅速发展，对拖拉机工业的发展产生了很大的影响和渗透。而采用机—电—液一体化控制技术是拓宽拖拉机功能、提高其技术性能以及解决其所面临诸多技术难题的最佳选择方案，并且已经成为现代拖拉机及其配套机组的主要技术发展趋势。
    本文首先介绍了传统拖拉机液压悬挂系统的组成和类型。在此基础上，选择了拖拉机半分置式液压悬系统进行设计，设计新型拖拉机电控液压悬挂系统。在原拖拉机半分置式液压悬挂机构中改进设计了自动控制系统。分别阐述了自动控制系统的组成、工作原理、土壤阻力传感器、农具提升高度传感器、主控制阀位移传感器信号的测取与处理以及单片机控制的实现。在液压油路方面，该系统用电磁换向阀控制分配器取代传统机械式的控制分配器，并设计配套油路；在控制反馈信号获取方面，系统中安装位移传感器、压力传感器和角位移传感器；同时，对拖拉机电子液压悬挂的各种耕深控制方法进行比较分析。
拖拉机电控液压悬挂控制单元设计包括硬件和软件设计.根据本系统各功能模块的具体需求，选用Intel公司MSC-96系列的80C196KC单片机设计控制器。在软件方面，完成了主程序控制程序总体流向。

关键词：拖拉机；液压悬挂系统；换向阀；自动控制

Study on Automatic Control for Hydraulic
Hitch Equipment of Tractor

Abstract

With the perpetual innovation of the emerging technology, especially the rapid development of high and new technology, such as computer technology, electronic control, artificial intelligence and network communications, the tractor industry is influenced greatly. Taking the integrated control technology of hydromechatronics is the best project for broadening tractor function, improving its technical performance and solving numerous facing technical difficulties and it has become the major technology trend of modern tractors and the supporting units.
This paper first introduces the composition and type of the traditional tractor hitch control system. Based on this, choosing the structure of semi-partition hydraulic hitch system to carry on the design and designing a new electrohydraulic hitch system. A simple structure of semi-partition hydraulic hitch equipment and constituting of automatic control system was provided. The signal of soil resistance sensor and the implement lift height sensor and the control-valve sensor were measured and managed. The system was under the control of the SCM. The traditional mechanical splitter is replaced by proportional solenoid valve and its supporting circuit. A displacement sensor, a force sensor and an angle sensor is used for gaining feedback control signal. Furthermore, The various deep-conditioning method of cultivation of tractor electrohydraulic hitch are compared and analyzed in this paper.
Control unit of tractor electrohydraulic hitch system is consisted of hardware and software systems. According to specific requirements of the system function modules, 80C196KC microcontroller of Intel Corporation MSC-96 series is selected. For the software system, we used the assembly language to finish the control system program. Its main program is used to control the overall flow of the system.

Key words: Tractor; Hydraulic hitch system; Change valve; Automatic control