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微型雕刻机总体及数控系统选用设计
摘要： 随着微电子技术和微型计算机的飞速发展，微型雕刻机的应用越来越广泛。机电一体化广泛地综合了机械、微电子、自动控制、信息、传感测试、电力电子、接口、信号变换和软件编程等技术，并将这些技术有机的结合成一体，它是当今世界机械工业技术和产品发展的主要趋势。 
本文调查研究了雕刻机的发展，介绍台式数控龙门雕刻机X的设计过程，包括机床总体方案设计、主传动系统设计和X向进给传动系统的机械结构设计。X向进给传动系统中主要分析了丝杠的安装，以及相关固定和支承。计算主要有两个方面：对滚珠丝杠和X轴电机的选择计算和校核。此外，我还进行了数控系统的选择，数控系统是机床自动化的重要组成部分,其性能直接影响到加工的精度、效率及生产企业的效益。本文详细介绍了数控系统及驱动单元的原理及其优缺点,如何选择性价比最好、最合适的数控系统及驱动单元。
本课题是在参考现有雕刻机的基础上，设计一种机构尺寸比较简单的数控雕刻机，适用性比较大的工艺品的雕刻加工。
关键字：雕刻机，数控系统，机电一体化，X轴，插补法

Miniature engraving machine overall and selection design of CNC system
Abstract：Along with the development of micro-electronics technology and microcomputer technology，miniature engraving machine will be widely used.  These technologies are widely used in Mechatronics, including mechanism, microelectronics，autocontrol, information, sensor and test,power and electron, interface, signal transform, software program. On the other hand, mechatronics maked these technologies integrated closely. It is the primary trend of the development of mechanical industrial technology and products in the world nowadays.
The development of the CNC engraving machine and the meaning of the electric spindle to the NC machine was investigated about this thesis. The process of design for the X axle in Desk-work CNC engraving and milling machine was introduced, including the design project of the machine, the design of the mechanical structures of the feeding mechanism of X axis. In the section of the feeding machine of X axis , the assembly of the straight guide-way and the bearing of the ball screw and so forth was presented .The calculation mainly includes two aspects: choosing and verifying the servo-motor of X axis. At last,In addition, I also had the choice of numerical control system CNC system is an important component of machine tool automation,and the capacity directly affected the machining accuracy,efficiency and the benefit of the production enterprise.The principle and advantage/disadvantage of CNC system and driver unit were introduced.How to select the highest price ratio and most appropriate CNC system and driver unit was also described.
This topic is based on the existing engraving machine to design a CNC engraving machines with a simple size, which adapted to the relatively large carving handicraft processing.
Keywords: Engraving plotter, numerical control system, mechatronics, X axis，and interpolation arithmetic.

目录
1引言 1
1.1雕刻机概述 1
1. 1. 1雕刻机起源 1
1.2数控雕刻机及其发展现状 1
1.2.1数控雕刻机 1
1.2.2研制雕刻机的目的和意义 2
1.2.3数控雕刻机的特点 2
1.2.4数控雕刻机的应用领域 2
1.2.5我国数控雕刻机的发展现状 3
1.2.6 主要设计任务..................................................3
2 雕刻机的机械结构 4
2.1雕刻机的工作原理 4
2.2整体结构 4
2.2.1雕刻机总体布局的基本要求 4
2.2.2 影响雕刻机布局的基本因素 6
2.2.3 坐标系的确定 6
2.2.4三维雕刻机的机械结构 6
2.3进给系统 7
2.5典型零件工艺分析 10
3 三坐标数控雕刻机的机械系统的设计 12
3.1 设计参数的确定 12
3.2 切削力、切削扭矩和切削功率计算 12
3.2.1铣削力、扭矩和功率的计算 13
3.2.2钻削力、扭矩和功率的计算 14
3.3 主运动系统的设计计算 15
3.3.1 主轴组件.....................................................15
3.3.2 主运动系统传动链的组成....................................... 16
3.3.3 主轴电动机的设计计算 16
3.4进给运动系统的设计计算 17
3.4.1 进给系统传动链的组成 17
3.4.2滚珠丝杠副的设计计算 17
3.4.3工作台进给电动机的设计计算 21
3.4.4 工作台直线导轨副的设计计算 22
4 数控系统的选用. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..  23
   4.1 NC选型 ........................................................23
4.2 插补法 36
4.3 控制程序. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5 总结 41
参考文献 42
致  谢 43
附  录 44